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只有真正的植物愛好者才能通過這個綠手指挑戰
蒲公英的種子非常鬆散，風很容易將它們吹散並帶到各處。想想你散步時看到多少蒲公英，甚至更多的是，當你拿起一個並吹氣時，你幫助繁殖了多少！「地錢」這個詞源於早期研究這些植物的草藥師認為，該組中的一種植物類似於肝臟。這些植物中的一些實際上也被用作治療肝臟疾病的藥物。無種子植物不會利用傳粉媒介或只是將種子掉在地上，而是將孢子釋放到風中，孢子會被風帶走並落在希望適合生長的環境中。蕨類植物和苔蘚是無種子植物的例子。想想「年度促銷」……它們一年只來一次！一年生植物是指在種植後一年內完成其整個生物生命週期的植物。豌豆、西瓜和水稻是一些一年生植物的例子。這很可能是一個你從學校記得的術語。光合作用是植物吸收二氧化碳並將氧氣釋放回大氣中的過程。通過這個過程，植物也為自己獲取能量。花朵利用它們可愛的香味來吸引蜜蜂和其他授粉媒介，以便它們可以傳播種子並繁殖！顏色也在吸引授粉媒介方面發揮作用；顏色和氣味共同向它們發出信號，表明如果它們拜訪花朵，就會有花蜜。這可能不是計算樹齡的萬無一失的方法，但它至少能讓你非常接近。通常，你數的每個環都等於它的一年壽命。有趣的是，世界上最古老的樹「瑪土撒拉」據說有 4,800 年的歷史——想像一下試圖數完所有這些環！花朵像許多其他生物一樣，具有雌性和雄性生殖器官。它的雌性，或結種子的部分，稱為雌蕊，它由子房、柱頭和花柱組成。有時，一朵花可以只有雌性部分。關於什麼是水果，什麼是蔬菜的爭論肯定永遠不會停止。然而，判斷你正在咬的食物是否是水果的一個萬無一失的方法是它裡面有種子。種子表明水果是從開花植物的子房發育而來的，而蔬菜則從根、葉和莖中生長出來。雖然水果非常美味，而且被人類、動物和昆蟲所食用，但它實際上對它生長的植物有目的。無論它是一個較大的核，就像你在桃子中看到的那樣，還是像草莓中那樣的許多種子，水果的生長是為了保護種子，直到它們被種植在其他地方並生長。如果你曾經園藝或種植室內植物，你一定見過植物可以生長出大量的根。這是為了讓它們能夠延伸到遠離植物的地方，盡可能多地吸收水分。但要小心，你總是會澆水過多。它一次只能吸收這麼多水！正如您可以測量水的 pH 值一樣，您也可以對土壤進行測量。pH 值範圍從 0 到 14，其中 7 為中性，低於 7 為酸性，高於 7 為鹼性。大多數植物的理想 pH 值在 5.5 到 7 之間，但大多數植物仍然能夠適應並在 pH 值超出該範圍的土壤中茁壯成長。植物有雄性和雌性部分，以便它們可以繁殖。植物的雄性或帶花粉的部分稱為雄蕊。它由花絲和花藥組成。任何嘗試過園藝的人都知道營養和有機物質的良好混合物有多重要。如果你要種植東西，你一定要確保你購買的土壤含有等量的沙子、淤泥、粘土和有機物。蕨類植物被認為是非開花植物，因為它們不產生種子。相反，它們產生孢子，它們用孢子來繁殖。非開花植物通常不像開花植物那樣成功地繁殖，但它們仍然做得很好！鳥類經常會啄食松果，打開它們並讓裡面的種子掉到地上。松鼠也可以這樣做。一旦落在地上，種子要么就在母樹旁邊紮根，要么很容易被風吹走，甚至粘在動物的翅膀或皮毛上。當我們談論植物需要的營養素時，我們指的是植物所在土壤中的營養素。在這種情況下，這些營養素是氮、磷和鉀。其他非常有益的包括鈣、鎂和硫。當然，仙人掌上的刺可能確實有助於防止人類和動物碰觸它們，但它們更多的是為了幫助仙人掌保持水分，即使在最熱的環境下也是如此。刺實際上本質上是仙人掌的葉子，它們只是為了適應環境而進化的！落葉植物是指那些全年存活但會掉落葉子的植物。它們通常會在秋天掉落葉子，並在春天來臨時重新長出葉子。一些落葉植物的例子包括橡樹、楓樹和山核桃樹。葉子在光合作用過程中起著不可或缺的作用；它們會吸收太陽的能量，然後將其轉化為植物的食物，並且正如我們上面所學到的，將二氧化碳轉化為氧氣。大豆富含蛋白質、鈣和鐵，是肉類的絕佳替代品。您可以通過多種方式烹飪它們，包括豆腐、毛豆和天貝。更棒的是，以大豆的形式，您可以將它們加入許多食譜中，每次都能做出豐盛的一餐！當您想到針葉植物時，請想到常綠樹；另一種針葉植物包括紅豆杉和刺柏，它們實際上會產生漿果，使它們成為針葉植物「規則」的一個例外。您經常可以在山區找到這些類型的植物。銀杏，又稱銀杏樹，沒有現存的植物親戚，但其葉子的印記已在侏羅紀和三疊紀時期的化石中被發現，可以追溯到 1.35 億到 2.1 億年前。從那時起，這種植物獨特的扇形葉子幾乎沒有變化，這為它成為活化石提供了令人信服的論據。被子植物約佔 30 萬種開花植物，是整個植物界中最大和最多樣化的植物群。為了讓您了解其範圍有多廣，該群約佔目前地球上所有已知植物的 80%。紙莎草植物產生一種厚厚的、類似紙張的材料，曾經在古埃及和其他地中海社會中使用。事實上，「paper」（紙）這個詞源自「papyrus」（紙莎草）這個詞，而「papyrus」又源自希臘詞「papyros」。當鳥類和哺乳動物以植物為食時，它們會攝入植物的種子，因此將它們「隨身」攜帶長距離。一旦種子通過它們，它們就會在地面上生根並在它們著陸的地方生長。植物種子傳播的另一種方式是簡單地將它們掉落在母株下方。瓶子草這種食肉植物有很多品種，但最終它們的功能都是一樣的。這種植物會產生球莖，在最底部有一些甜甜的花蜜池，吸引昆蟲掉入。一旦它們進去，瓶子就會關閉，困住昆蟲，然後消耗昆蟲及其養分。棉花植物已經很重要很長一段時間了；最初它的纖維被用來生產衣服，但隨著技術的發展，棉花植物的所有部分都非常有用，包括它的種子，使其成為一種有價值的植物。雖然蘑菇被歸類為真菌，但我們確實發現它們遍布其他植物，尤其是樹木。但這不一定是壞事；因為蘑菇的菌絲體（蘑菇的營養部分）可以傳播很遠的距離，它們實際上可以從遠處捕獲水和養分，並將其帶回樹木，幫助它們生長。植物真的很神奇，對吧？甚至阿司匹林也曾經來自柳樹的樹皮；藥物中的活性成分稱為水楊苷。今天的人們實際上仍然有時會用水楊苷作為非處方藥的替代品，特別是為了治療慢性頭痛或背痛。當然，有很多你想要避免的植物（並且有很多原因），但是當你遠足時，你更有可能遇到的是毒橡樹。它很容易識別；葉子確實像橡樹的葉子，並且通常成簇生長，通常會長出黃綠色或白色的漿果。當我們談論世界上擁有最多植被的特定區域時，毫無疑問就是海洋！從海藻到海帶，世界上 85% 的植物生命都生活在我們的海洋中。這讓你真的想確保我們水域的安全和長壽，對吧？當你聽到「維管」這個詞時，可能會想到人體的血管系統。嗯，維管植物有類似的設置；遍布這些植物類型的小型血管網絡將水和食物輸送到植物的所有部分。它們也有兩種不同的血管！韌皮部是一個運輸食物的系統，而木質部則運輸水。很容易忘記這樣做，但重要的是要旋轉你的室內植物，以便它的每一面都能獲得充足的陽光。這將有助於促進生長，最終使你的植物保持快樂。如果你開始注意到一側的生長比另一側更多，你就會知道該旋轉了。研究人員表示，地球上第一批陸地植物大約在 4.7 億年前出現，那時是奧陶紀時期。這些是非維管植物，如苔蘚和苔類植物。然而，第一批陸地真菌早在這些植物出現之前就出現了；研究人員說，那些大約在 13 億年前就出現了。當睡蓮釋放其種子時，它們的種子上覆蓋著包含氣穴的塗層，使其能夠漂浮在水面上。最終，該塗層會分解，種子落入池塘底部，嵌入泥土中。從那裡，它們發芽並長出新的睡蓮。科學家說，世界上大約有 391,000 種維管植物。在這些植物中，大約 94% 是開花植物。另一方面，大約有 20,000 種非維管植物存在。事實是，如果沒有植物，地球上大多數其他生命形式將無法生存。植物不僅為數百萬物種提供實際的食物，還將二氧化碳轉化為氧氣，以便我們和動物王國的其他成員能夠真正呼吸。蜜蜂確實在整個動物王國中扮演著最重要的角色之一。沒有它們，植物和花朵將難以繁殖。當蜜蜂停留在花朵上時，花朵的花粉會粘附在蜜蜂身體的毛髮上，然後它會將花粉帶到另一朵花上，然後重複這個過程。一種被歸類為多年生的植物是可以存活兩年以上的植物，有些甚至超過三年。將其與只能存活一年的年度植物以及在兩年內完成其整個生物生命週期的兩年生植物進行比較。You scored 0 out of 40You scored 1 out of 40You scored 2 out of 40You scored 3 out of 40You scored 4 out of 40You scored 5 out of 40You scored 6 out of 40You scored 7 out of 40You scored 8 out of 40You scored 9 out of 40You scored 10 out of 40You scored 11 out of 40You scored 12 out of 40You scored 13 out of 40You scored 14 out of 40You scored 15 out of 40You scored 16 out of 40You scored 17 out of 40You scored 18 out of 40You scored 19 out of 40You scored 20 out of 40You scored 21 out of 40You scored 22 out of 40You scored 23 out of 40You scored 24 out of 40You scored 25 out of 40You scored 26 out of 40You scored 27 out of 40You scored 28 out of 40You scored 29 out of 40You scored 30 out of 40You scored 31 out of 40You scored 32 out of 40You scored 33 out of 40You scored 34 out of 40You scored 35 out of 40You scored 36 out of 40You scored 37 out of 40You scored 38 out of 40You scored 39 out of 40You scored 40 out of 40
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